نشریه راهبردهای بازنشستگی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1400)

in the field of elderly care have been developed in different countries, the most important of which are the network of volunteers, community-based programs, integrated model of care and services, intensive care model, comprehensive care model, and so on. Many countries use one or a combination of these models depending on their needs, development conditions, and cultural, economic, and social status.However, it is important to study and identify low-cost models tailored to the needs of each community. In this research, the patterns and models of elderly care are mainly studied and identified in order to identify low-cost and highly effective models and be used in the country’s planning systems.The purpose of this article is to study national and international concepts and experiences related to geriatric care solutions. The method of this research was documentary or library. The findings show that family-centered and community-based care patterns are more effective and also save costs. Also, improving the quality of life of the elderly can improve their care and make them feel efficient, and by promoting hope and vitality in them, it will improve their health in various aspects.

To improve the quality of life and economic conditions of retirees, they need to return to the business environment through entrepreneurship and self-employment. However, at first, it is necessary to teach these people the topics related to entrepreneurship and running a business. The purpose of this article is to study the programs and tools of entrepreneurship education and business development in selected and leading countries with a focus on military retirees. Using the method of document analysis and benchmarking approach with the best experiences, this research has studied and reviewed programs and tools for entrepreneurship training and business development for retirees of the military forces. While reviewing entrepreneurship training courses in selected countries, tools such as entrepreneurship incubators, coaching and mentoring, online platforms, social media, technical and vocational centers, and business schools, and finally, business boot camps for training Entrepreneurship were introduced to retirees. Finally, some policy proposals to develop entrepreneurship education for armed forces retirees are presented to assist policymakers. These policy programs include primary policy programs (implementation of entrepreneurship training courses and business development in training centers, creating and developing an online platform for entrepreneurship training, developing platforms for exchanging experience, knowledge, and technology, and forming joint activities among retirees, using media to create and Development of entrepreneurship training courses, creation, and development of entrepreneurship training courses and in-service business development and supportive policy programs (encouragement and support of leading entrepreneurs, establishment and development of retirement entrepreneurship clubs, development of innovation and accelerator laboratories and teaching the concepts of digital economy and industry 4.0).

One of the major demographic issues in general in the world is the issue of population aging and its consequences. At present, Iran is also experiencing the stage of transition of the age structure of the population from youth to old age. The trend of demographic changes and increasing aging in the country on the one hand and the challenges in the pension system and the provision of services to the elderly on the other hand, are among the important issues facing this phenomenon. This research seeks to examine the approaches to the challenges of old age and retirement through a qualitative approach and an analytical method by examining global experiences. Data collection and information was obtained using library and documentary methods. A study of the experience of Japan, the United States, Sweden and the United Kingdom shows that the phenomenon of population aging and the consequences of governments can not deal with the problems of society alone and without using local capacities. Although formal support systems are necessary to prevent poverty for the elderly and improve their health, there is a set of programs that are mostly carried out by local institutions such as schools, charities, municipalities or entrepreneurs. The predominant feature of these measures is the use of creativity, innovation and the use of local capacities to help the elderly and retirees.

There are various problems and challenges for people at the end of their employment, which are often the result of confusion over the lack of a proper retirement plan. Most organizations have a specific plan for the entry and optimal use of new staff, but do not have a plan tailored to their return to society and the transition from employment to retirement. Especially the retirees of the Armed Forces who have always provided valuable services to the community. Therefore, empowering people to enter retirement plays an effective role in making the best use of this golden age. The evaluation center is a concept that can prepare the ground for the transition to retirement. The purpose of this research is to hold an evaluation center in a manner appropriate to the conditions, characteristics and needs of the retirees of the Armed Forces. For this purpose, in the first  stage, a comparative study method examines the programs and similar actions of the Evaluation Center for Armed Forces Retirees in leading and similar countries and internal organs. Finally, by reviewing the successful international experiences, solutions have been proposed to prepare and formulate a suitable program for the formation and development of the Retirement Evaluation Center in order to empower the retirees of the Armed Forces. These suggestions are based on the special circumstances of some Armed Forces retirees and their families. Experts at various job levels and all relevant bodies have also been interviewed openly. International records have also been reviewed as libraries through reputable international sites and countries.

Time bank is a method of providing and receiving social-support services that use time as a credit unit. In this banking system, members receive time credits according to the number of hours they provide services, and in the future and when needed, they can spend it to receive help and services from other members of the bank. In this bank, the value of all types of services is equal and only the service delivery time is measured. The idea of ​​a time bank has been proposed during the last three decades and has been realized in different countries. The culture of our society is influenced by Islamic teachings, so it is necessary to localize the service area of ​​Zaman Bank in the country and, based on religious principles, to encourage the participation of individuals in this bank.This research takes a descriptive-analytical look at explaining the moral and doctrinal incentives from the perspective of Islam for the active presence of people in the time bank. The results of this research are redefined in the economic, health and welfare, social and cultural fields.

The development of voluntary and humanitarian activities with the aim of promoting public welfare and well-being in recent years has been pursued by non-governmental organizations and government agencies in charge of welfare and social security around the world. In our country, such activities have become widespread in institutions such as Astan Quds Razavi, associations and charitable groups, and some government and public agencies such as the Basij and municipalities. Since the establishment of a time bank system is very important according to the goals and tasks of the Organization, utilizing the existing experiences regarding volunteer activities in various fields can provide useful lessons in this regard to the research group and strategies. Determine the establishment of this system and the conditions for its realization. It should be noted that the activities of the time bank can not be considered exactly equivalent to volunteer work, because in exchange for the activities of people in the time bank, they are given time. This research is applied in terms of external goals and it uses explicit inductive qualitative content analysis as a research method.In this study, using the opinions of volunteer activists and field observations, after re-reading the text of interviews and field notes, the analysis for concepts (coding process) was done in three levels of abstraction, and finally to the five main categories that explain Voluntary work experience gained: Internal drivers of volunteer work, external drivers of volunteer work, internal constraint structures, external constraint structures, effects and results of volunteer work. Finally, by presenting strategies and policies, an attempt was made to express how it is possible to use the experience of volunteering in the country in creating and developing a time bank project.